Let’s be honest…the CISO role is weird right now. It is going through a transformative phase and the industry is at an inflection point similar to what other C-Level roles (like the CFO) have gone through in the past. What makes the role weird? The CISO community and any company that has a CISO is facing unprecedented regulatory pressure, the economy and interest rates have people on edge, layoffs in the tech sector have shaken employee confidence (to the applause of investors) and technology innovation via AI is causing additional disruption and risk across all sectors.
In additional to these external pressures the past few years have seen the proliferation of CISO title sprawl and confusion from companies about how to best employ and utilize a CISO (hint, we aren’t your scapegoats). Despite all of this turmoil, change is also a time for opportunity and there are a few things I think will help clarify and mature the CISO role.
CISO Title Sprawl
I’ve been tracking job titles and job postings on LinkedIn for the past year or so and I’ve noticed a phenomenon I’ll call title sprawl. A quick search for titles shows there are vCISOs, Advisory CISOs, Fractional CISOs, CISOs In Residence and Field CISOs. On top of this, add in Chief Security Officers, Chief Trust Officers and Heads of Security. Do we need all of these titles? Maybe, but I think this title sprawl is more indicative of three things 1) People with CISO titles are in high demand and people want to retain the title once they get it and 2) Companies are still uncertain about how to title and employ someone to lead their security function. 3) Title sprawl is a result of the political power struggle occurring between the CISO role and other C-Level roles (more on that below).
From the titles above there are really only four functions for a current or former CISO – board member (in some capacity), executive management (officer of the company), consultant and sales. There is similar title sprawl and variance with CTO titles, but not to the extent of the CISO title (yet). Time will tell if other C-Level roles start to follow suit, but for now, let’s break down the functional CISO role buckets.
Board Member – These are current or former CISOs who sit on a board either as a technical advisor, business advisor or some combination thereof.
Executive Management – Individuals employed by a company to lead the information security program. May also manage other parts of IT such as identity, privacy, data, etc. Titles may be CISO, CSO, CISO in Residence (for Venture Capital), Chief Trust Officer and Head of Security.
Consultant – These are individuals who are providing their expertise as a current or former CISO to other companies to help them establish, transition or manage a security program. Often the companies employing these individuals claim they can’t afford a full time CISO, but they seem to be able to afford other full time C-Suite titles (hmm…)? Titles may include Virtual CISO (vCISO), Fractional CISO, CISO in Residence and Consulting CISO. (CISO in Residence again because they can “consult” to their VC holding companies about the state of their security programs).
Sales – These are people who are experts in the field of security, may hold one or more certifications and may be past CISOs. Their job is to help the company they work for drive sales. Typically the title they use is Field CISO or Advisory CISO.
Standardize The Reporting Structure
Moving on from title sprawl, companies are also confused about where the CISO title should sit. Some companies advertise it as a Director level role reporting into the VP of some function. Other’s title it as a VP level role reporting into a Senior VP or some other executive. Still other companies have the CISO reporting to the CEO, CIO, CTO or General Counsel. It is even possible this person is an individual contributor. Companies are clearly confused about whether the CISO is a technologist, regulatory compliance specialist or true C-Suite executive. While reporting structure may be a direct reflection on company culture, it is also a public example of the battle for equivalency that is playing out between the CISO and other C-Level roles. Often, CISOs are hired by other C-Levels (not the CEO) and until it becomes more common for CISOs to report to the CEO as an accepted peer to other C-Levels, this confusion and variance will persist. That being said, if you are considering a CISO title and the company isn’t willing to add you to the D&O liability policy then you may be better off taking a lower level title to eliminate personal risk.
Bolster Security Management Certifications
Security certifications from popular organizations talk a lot about regulations, risk and different security concepts (technical or not), but few, if any, offer a comprehensive certification on what it truly takes to be a CISO. Any CISO level certification should include potential career paths that lead to the CISO role, career paths post CISO role, difference in the CISO role based on company size, exposure to business topics in addition to security topics, SEC reporting, interfacing with law enforcement and lastly discussion of how to maximize success based on where the role sits – e.g. reporting to the CEO, CTO or CIO and how that may change your lens as a CISO. This begs the question if there should be a true professional level CISO certification similar to a professional engineer, accountant or lawyer, but let’s save that discussion for a future blog post.
Embrace Increased Regulation
Given the recent increase in regulation, particularly from the SEC, bolstering CISO certifications to include more business acumen may soon be table stakes instead of a nice to have. Recent regulations forcing companies to disclose material cybersecurity events in their 8k filings are starting to accelerate the maturity of the CISO role at publicly traded companies. Companies can no longer fail to invest in security or report breaches (unless they want steep penalties). In particular, this is forcing the CISO role into the board room or at least on par with other C-Level roles because they have to help these companies navigate the decision to report material events in their filings. Existing and future CISOs can embrace this increase in regulation to backstop their authority at companies who are struggling to fully embrace the CISO role as a C-Level executive. While it may not elevate the current role with a promotion, it should at least open the door to the board room and provide a seat at the table for discussion.
While CISO reporting structure may be a direct reflection on company culture, it is also a public example of the battle for equivalency that is playing out between the CISO and other C-Level roles.
The last point I’ll make about regulation is – while the SEC watered down the requirements for cybersecurity expertise on boards, I predict this expertise will still be required and in demand as companies start to navigate the new SEC reporting requirements. In particular, companies may be penalized and eventually required to demonstrate cybersecurity board expertise (via experience or certifications) if they are found to have a material security breach and can’t demonstrate appropriate security governance at the board level.
What’s The End Result?
It is clear the security industry and the CISO role are in a state of confusion as a result of the tight job market, uncertain economy, increased regulation and pace of technology innovation. The net effect of title sprawl and the struggle for equivalency is – it confuses customers, investors, partners, recruiters and job candidates. Title sprawl artificially increases competition for jobs and causes a wide variance in how the CISO role is employed. However, I think this state of confusion is a good thing because it is forcing conversations and causing people to stop and think. The CISO role is the newest member of the C-Suite and it is growing up and trading in the hoodie for a collared shirt. We are starting to claim our seat at the board level and are able to hold our own or make other C-Level roles redundant. As the CISO role evolves from a “nice to have” to a “must have” in the C-Suite, we will see this confusion fade away and the CISO role will truly reach its peak.
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